The application of tracheostomy intubation in emergency and long-term care primarily focuses on critical care and emergency situations such as airway obstruction. It also involves considerations in preoperative assessment, postoperative care, complication prevention, and psychological support.

Endotracheal tubes are the most commonly used type in general anesthesia, widely employed in surgeries requiring strict respiratory control, particularly thoracic, abdominal, and neurosurgeries. Their main advantage lies in providing stable mechanical ventilation, ensuring a clear airway throughout the procedure. For patients with complex airways or risk factors, using cuffed endotracheal tubes can reduce the risk of intraoperative aspiration. However, endotracheal intubation requires a high level of technical skill, and improper technique can lead to airway trauma, vocal cord damage, or postoperative throat discomfort.

Endotracheal intubation plays a crucial role in intensive care, serving as a vital means to maintain airway patency and ensure effective ventilation and oxygenation for critically ill patients. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), endotracheal intubation is often employed for patients requiring mechanical ventilation support, particularly in cases of acute respiratory failure, severe trauma, pneumonia, and anesthetic emergencies.

The development of general anesthesia components in modern surgery reflects the continuous advancement of the anesthesia field and the emphasis on patient safety and comfort. The history of general anesthesia can be traced back to the mid-19th century, when the initial anesthetic agents were primarily ether and chloroform. Although these substances effectively induced anesthesia, they were associated with high risks and adverse reactions.
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Laryngoscopes, as essential tools for airway management, are widely used in anesthesia, emergency care, and otolaryngology. Based on their structure and function, laryngoscopes can be categorized into several types, including direct laryngoscopes, curved laryngoscopes, fiberoptic laryngoscopes, and video laryngoscopes. Each type has its unique advantages and suitable clinical applications.